The law determines the modalities and procedures for expropriation in the public interest. It defines expropriation as; “the taking of private property in the public interest aimed at development, social welfare, security and the terri torial integrity”. It expressly states that expropriation shall be carried out only in the interest of the national citizens, and with prior and just compensation; no person shall hinder any expropriation process.

The law spells out the procedures for mining and quarry exploitation in Rwanda. It spells out activities relating to prospecting, searching, exploiting, purchasing, stocking, handling, transport and commercialisation of all substances and quarry products excluding hydrocarbons. It explicitly sets out its guiding principles, and classifies quarries and mines as minerals or fossil substances found beneath or on the earth surface.

The law states that the primary responsibility of disaster management in Rwanda falls on the government. It has 16 distinct guiding principles for disaster management situations. The law places premium on people with disabilities in the areas or relief and assistance services. It categorises disasters into 4; Category 1, relating to sector disaster, managed with sector resources; Category 2, relating to disasters occuring at the district level, and managed with district resources; Category 3, relating to disasters occuring at the district level, and managed with resources of the ministry in charge of disaster management; and Category 4, relating to disasters out of the reach of the country’s resources.

The order ascertains the modalities to be employed in testing for distinctness, uniformity, and stability of plant varieties. It sets out provisions on plant breeder’s rights, certificate of grant, test for distinctness, stability, and uniformity, and information to applicants of plant variety protection.

The Law determines the organisation, jurisdiction, competence and functioning of Abunzi Committee. The law defines an Abunzi committee as an organ responsible for conciliating parties involved in disputes under its jurisdiction, and based on the Rwandan traditions. The service of members of Abunzi Committee is performed on a voluntary and non-remunerative basis. It states that there shall be established, an Abunzi committee at the cell level with jurisdiction over the cell, and an Abunzi committee of appeal at the sector level with jurisdiction over the sector.

The law relates to the organization and creation of condominiums, and setting up of procedures for their registration. It defines condominiums as a joint type of real estate ownership, where portions of the property are commonly owned and other portions are owned individually. The law covers; recognition of co-ownership, management and administration of a condominium, relationship between owners under a condominium, registration of a condominium and its units.

The law establishes the Akagera national park and clearly defines its boundaries and buffer zones. The management of the park and its buffer zones is placed on the institution in charge of national park management in Rwanda.

The regulations contained therein applies to all stakeholders along the potable water chain, ranging from producers to distributors and water vendors. The purpose of this Regulation is to give a legal framework to ensure efficient water supply services provision. It also seeks to ensure that all processes involving review and decision making on licensing are as transparent and non-discriminatory as possible.

The order clearly highlights the prohibited plains to construction in Rwanda. It repeals all prior provisions contrary to this order.

The law governs all activities relating to petroleum exploration and production in Rwanda. It states clearly that all rights of ownership and control on all lands in Rwanda are vested in the states, without recourse to any form of personal ownership. It also stipulates that all exploration and production of petroleum shall be subject to licenses provided for under this law.

The Law governs the use, management, and regulation of ionising radiations and related activities. This represents efforts at ensuring protection of people, biodiversity and the environment the negative effects from exposure to radiations. The law applies to; the management of radioactive waste resulting from civilian applications, and the regulation of the use of ionising radiations, ranging from production, to use, handling and management. It makes provisions for offences and penalties, licensing regime, inspection procedures, import and export of ionising radiation sources, surveillance, and regulations for radiation protection.

This represents the ministerial order on regulation and control of straying cattles and other domestic animals in Rwanda. The order prohibits the movement of domestic animals and all tamed wild animals on public roads, urban areas, and in other people’s properties. It details among others, measures to be taken against stray animals and their owners, domestication of dangerous wild animals, penalties, and transitional provisions.

The ministerial order reserves a part of Gishwati forest, and its boundaries which was inhabited, as classified. The part reserved cummulates into three thousand and thirty two hectares of land (3032ha). It repelas all prior provisions contrary to this order.

The law sets out to establish the Rwanda natural resources authority (RNRA) as public institution governed under the public institutions law. The authority shall enjoy financial and administrative autonomy, as well as legal personality. The RNRA shall coordinate all activities channeled towards effective management and promotion of natural resources in Rwanda. The natural resources include; land, water, forests, mines, and geology.

The ministerial order clearly determines and highlights al necessary fees related to registration of pharmeceutical products, medical devices, and other related services. It categorises the fees by services provided. All prior provisions contrary to this order are subsequently repealed.

This represents the instructions of the registrar general relating to the modalities for registering and managing the register of security interests in movable products. It explicitly states that; the application for registration of the security interests in movable property shall be done by the owner of the property or his/her legal representative.

The ministerial instructions relating to the modalities of burning wastes, gabbage, and other objects. It expressly states that “Garbage, waste or any other object disposal by open air burning is prohibited, except when allowed under these instructions. Burning of biodegradable garbage, waste or any other object is also prohibited”. It highlights exceptions to prohibitions, and incineration requirements.

The ministerial order determines the mission, functions, organizational structure, salaries, and fringe benefits for employees in the ministry of agriculture and animal resources. The ministry’s overall mission is to promote sustainable modern and competitive agriculture and livestock sector in Rwanda, to drive food security, export, and maximum contribution to the economy of the country.

The ministerial order detailing the duties and responsibilities of the registrar in charge of agrochemicals in Rwanda. The overall duty of the registrar shall be to ensure registration of agrochemicals, and follow-up on the effective implementation of the law governing agrochemicals in the country.

The law establishes the Rwanda land management and use authority as a non-commercial public institution with legal personality and fininacial and administrative autonomy. It details its powers and responsibilities, organizational structure, and other miscellaneous and transitional provisions. The prime minister shall determine the supervisory organ of the authority.